다당류젤과 비장 기 결핍 증상의 상관 관계

Study on the Correlation between Polysaccharide Gel and Spleen Qi Deficiency Symptoms

多糖凝胶对脾气虚症状皮肤改善情况的相关性研究

Article information

Asian J Beauty Cosmetol. 2020;18(1):119-127
Publication date (electronic) : 2020 March 27
doi : https://doi.org/10.20402/ajbc.2020.0010
1Department of Research and Development Daily Chemicals Cosmetology, Infinitus Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
2Department of Cosmetics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
3Beijing Key Laboratory of Plants Resource Research and Development, Beijing, China
차표1, 리려남1, 리가열2,3, 리려2,3, 맹홍2,3, 류광영1,
1무한급(중국)유한회사일화제품연구부, 광주, 중국
2북경공상대학 화장품학과, 북경, 중국
3북경시식물자원연구개발중점연구실, 북경, 중국
*Corresponding author: Jim Liu, Department of Research and Development Daily Chemicals Cosmetology, Infinitus Co. Ltd., 17th floor, Infinity center, 12 Zhujiang west road, Zhujiang new town, Tianhe district, Guangzhou 510000, China Tel.: +86 20 3816 8888 Email: Jim.Liu@infinitus-int.com
Received 2020 February 25; Revised 2020 March 3; Accepted 2020 March 25.

Abstract

목적

본 연구는 다당류젤이 비장 기 결핍을 완화하거나 또는 비장 기 결핍으로 인한 피부 현상을 개선 할 수 있는 지 확인하기 위한 것이다.

방법

비장 기 결핍 증후군의 마우스 모델은 섭식 장애에 의해 확립되었다. 마우스 등 피부에 4 종의 다당류젤을 도포하고, 무게, 비장-흉선 지수, 피부 섹션 및 피부 지수를 평가하였다.

결과

비장 기 결핍 생쥐는 물 함량이 낮고, 피부 광택이 적으며, 기름 분비가 증가했다. 이는 대조군과 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 다당류젤을 비장 기 결핍이 있는 마우스에 도포 시, 모델 그룹과 비교하여 피부 수분 함량 증가, 광택 증가, 오일 분비가 감소하는 효과를 나타냈다.

결론

다당류젤은 비장 기 결핍의 증상, 특히 비장기 결핍으로 인해 건조하고 칙칙한 피부를 개선하는 효과를 나타냈으며, 이후 비장 기 결핍의 피부 증상을 개선하기 위해 화장품에 다당류젤을 적용할 수 있는 기초적인 자료를 제공함에 의의가 있다고 사료된다.

Trans Abstract

Purpose

It is verified that polysaccharide gel can improve the spleen qi deficiency, especially the skin phenomenon caused by spleen qi deficiency.

Methods

A mouse model of spleen qi deficiency syndrome was established by eating disorder. Four kinds of polysaccharide gels were applied to the skin of the backs of mice, and their weights, spleen-thymus index, skin sections, and skin indexes were used for evaluation.

Results

The spleen qi deficiency mice had lower water content, lower gloss, and increased oil secretion, which were significantly different from those of the control group (p<0.01). The polysaccharide gel acts on mice with spleen qi deficiency, compared with the model group, the skin moisture content is increased, the gloss is increased, and the oil secretion is reduced, and it is significant.

Conclusion

The polysaccharide gel can improve the symptoms of spleen qi deficiency, especially the dry and dull skin caused by spleen qi deficiency, and provide a basis for the subsequent application of polysaccharides in cosmetics to improve the skin symptoms of spleen qi deficiency.

Trans Abstract

目的

验证多糖凝胶对脾气虚,尤其是脾气虚所导致的皮肤现象有改善作用。

方法

用饮食失节的方法建立脾气虚证的小鼠模型,用制备四种多糖凝胶涂抹在小鼠背部皮肤,用体重、脾胸腺指数、皮肤切片、皮肤指标等进行评价。

结果

脾气虚证小鼠含水量较低,光泽度较低,油脂分泌增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(p<0.01)。多糖凝胶作用于脾气虚的小鼠,与模型组相比,皮肤水分增加,光泽增加,油脂分泌减少,具有显着意义。

结论

多糖凝胶具有改善脾气虚症状,尤其是脾气虚所导致的皮肤干燥无光泽的现象,为后续多糖在化妆品改善脾气虚的皮肤症状上的应用提供依据。

Introduction

中医学认为“有诸内必形诸于外”。《黄帝内经》曰:“人之气血精神也,所以奉生而周于性命者也。”气血是人体的基本物质,代表人体的正气,是机体内部平衡的基本因素。气血关系到五脏、经络、四肢百骸,气血的平衡,定会表现于面部皮肤(Qiu, 2018)。张仲景也认为,人体肤色红润有光泽,肌肉坚实有弹性及毛发润泽与否等外在表现与营卫气血的功能状态密切相关(Zhu, 2014)。《灵枢•邪气脏腑病形》中写道:“十二经脉,三百六十五络,其血气皆上注于面而走空窍”。由此可见,气血的运行也可影响皮肤的状态。

气血失调的常见为气虚、血瘀。其中,脾气虚是较为常见的气血不足症状。脾为“后天之本”“气血生化之源”,主运化而化生气血,脾胃功能健旺可以滋养人体正气,是增强人体抗

病能力的基础。脾虚证大多由饮食不节、劳倦过度、忧思伤脾或年老体衰、久病耗气所致(Zhang et al. , 2010)。

气血失调对皮肤产生的影响尚未见到有明确报道。本研究通过建立脾气虚的小鼠模型,评价脾气虚对小鼠皮肤指标的影响。同时,在脾气虚小鼠模型皮肤使用多糖凝胶。拟将四个多糖,分别作用于脾气虚动物模型,观察多糖因子对脾气虚小鼠皮肤生理指标及皮肤切片组织的影响,旨在确定多糖是否对脾气虚皮肤有改善情况。

多糖是由10个以上单糖通过糖苷键连接而成的聚糖,在自然界分布广泛,是组成高等植物、动物细胞膜及微生物细胞壁的天然大分子物质田。多糖资源丰富、来源广泛,可以从陆地植物、海藻中提取,也可以通过动物提取和微生物(细菌和真菌)发酵进行生物合成(Qing et al ., 2018)。现代药理学研究表明,多糖在免疫调节、抑制肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗病毒、抗衰老、抗氧化等方面均有显著生物活性(Chen et al ., 2016a)。相比具有如刺激性等安全风险的化学活性成分而言,中药来源的天然成分具有安全、温和、持久、高效等优点,成为现在功效化妆品研究开发的一大趋势(Zhang et al ., 2007)。中药多糖作为一种从传统中草药中提取的一类多糖化合物,大量的研究表明其具有延缓皮肤衰老、美白、晒后修复、祛痘抗炎、促进伤口愈合等生物活性,可以作为功效化妆品活性成分的天然来源(et al ., 2016)。

石斛,甘,微寒。归胃、肾经。具有益胃生津,滋阴清热的功效,俗称“千年润”。现代药理表明石斛具有增强免疫力、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、保肝、抗疲劳等多种功能活性(Chen et al ., 2016b)。其中石斛多糖是石斛的中药活性成分,具有较强的抗肿瘤、抗氧化和增强免疫功能活性(An & He, 2014)。陈默等对精纯的石斛多糖提取物的保湿性能进行了评价,表现出较好的保湿性能,并且有抗干燥损伤的防护作用,可作为一种天然植物类保湿剂应用于化妆品中(Chen et al ., 2015)。

天山雪莲,是维吾尔族常用药,具有补肾活血、强筋骨通经络的功效。雪莲中的多糖对紫外线具有很强的吸收作用(Guo et al ., 2015)。

银耳,是一种大型高等真菌,属于有隔担子菌亚纲银耳科,重要的药食同源物种。研究发现,银耳多糖具有促进机体免疫功能、抗衰、抗氧化的作用,可作为保湿美白剂应用于化妆品中(Huang et al ., 2013)。

Methods

1. 实验材料

1)实验动物

BLAB/c小鼠(Charles River, China),雌性,体重19-21g,60只。

2)实验试剂

本文所使用实验试剂如下:薇婷脱毛膏(depilatory cream, Veet, China)、猪脂、生理盐水、石斛多糖(Dendrobium polysaccharides, Foshan Allan Conney Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China)、雪莲多糖(Saussurea ivolucrata polysaccharides, Foshan Allan Conney Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)、银耳多糖(Tremella polysaccharides, Foshan Allan Conney Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.)、去离子水(deionized water, Aladdin, China)、丁二醇(butanediol, Aladdin, China)、EDTA二钠(EDTA-Na2, Aladdin, China)、甘油(glycerinum, Aladdin, China)、丙烯酸(酯)类/C10-30烷醇丙烯酸酯交联聚合物(acrylates/c10-30 alkanol acrylate crosslinked polymers, Aladdin, China)、氢氧化钠(NaOH, Aladdin, China)

3)仪器

本文所使用的实验仪器如下:皮肤水分含量测试仪及测试探头(Corneometer® CM825; Courage+Khazaka electronic GmbH, Germany)、皮肤水分流失测试仪及测试探头(Tewamater® TM300, Courage+Khazaka electronic GmbH)、皮肤油脂分泌测试及油脂测试盒(SubumeterSM810)、皮肤红黑色素测试仪及测试探头(Mexameter MX18; Courage+Khazaka electronic G m b H ) 、皮肤颜色测试仪及测试探头( C o l o r i m e t e r , Courage+Khazaka electronic GmbH)、皮肤光泽度测试探头(GL200; Courage+Khazaka electronic GmbH)。

2. 实验方法

1)多糖凝胶的制备

(1)在称重过的250 mL烧杯中称取去离子水,用称量纸称取U20,将其均匀撒在水中。静置约5 min(注意:不要搅拌,自然分散润湿),分散浸润至白色粉末完全润湿。

(2)在浸润后体系中,依次称取丁二醇、甘油,搅拌加热升温至80-85℃,搅拌5-10 min,转速35-40转/min,搅拌均匀后降温。体系中有絮状物属正常现象。

(3)用50 mL 烧杯依次称取B相EDTA-2Na、离子水,搅拌5-10

min,转速35-40转/min搅拌溶解至透明(可适当加热,加快溶解,温度55-60℃)待用。

(4)分别取雪莲糖脂0.4 g,银耳多糖3 g,石斛多糖3 g,雪莲糖脂、银耳多糖、石斛多糖各0.8 g混合。用适量去离子水将多糖溶解,作为样品一、样品二、样品三和样品四。

(5)A相降温至45℃,搅拌混合均匀后加入NaOH(10%)中和(用量为U20的2.5倍),(注意:边搅拌边加,不能过快),加入待用溶液B相和多糖样品,搅拌形成透明啫喱。加入MTI搅拌混合均匀。

(6)降至室温后称量,装入已经灭菌的样品瓶。样品一:0.4%雪莲糖脂凝胶,样品二:3%银耳多糖凝胶,样品三:3%石斛多糖凝胶,样品四:0.8等比混合多糖凝胶。制备完成。详见Table 1

Gel preparation formula

2)分组、建模及给药

(1)动物分组

将健康小鼠饲养4天以适应环境后,随机将小鼠分为6组,每组10只。

(2)脾气虚建模

模型组:隔日灌胃猪油20 mL/kg 1次,每日喂饲甘蓝(Li, 2011)。

对照组:隔日灌胃生理盐水20 mL/kg 1次,每日喂饲料。

雪莲组:隔日灌胃猪油20 mL/kg 1次,每日喂甘蓝。每日涂抹样品1,涂抹量2 mg/cm2

银耳组:隔日灌胃猪油20 mL/kg 1次,每日喂甘蓝。每日涂抹样品2,涂抹量2 mg/cm2

石斛组:隔日灌胃猪油20 mL/kg 1次,每日喂甘蓝。每日涂抹样品3,涂抹量2 mg/cm2

混合组:隔日灌胃猪油20 mL/kg 1次,每日喂甘蓝。每日涂抹样品4,涂抹量2 mg/cm2

3)检测指标

(1)体重

在实验前称量各组小鼠的体重,造模结束后再次称量各组小鼠的体重,用统计学方法进行分析比较。

(2)脾、胸腺指数

造模结束后,处死小鼠。分别用分析天平称取胸腺和脾脏的质量。通过公式脾指数=小鼠脾重量/小鼠体重,胸腺指数=小鼠胸腺质量/小鼠体重。计算小鼠的脾、胸腺指数,并用统计学方法进行分析。

(3)皮肤生理指标测定

将鼠尾根部以上长3 cm、宽2 cm长方形皮肤上被毛除去,脱毛。用脱毛膏除去小鼠背部被毛,用清水清洗后棉球擦拭掉水分。此步骤需在皮肤测定前一天进行,第二天,使用皮肤生物量化仪器测定皮肤指标。小鼠每隔3天(第1、4、7天)进行一次皮肤生物指标测定,检测其皮肤变化。

(4)皮肤组织切片染色

小鼠解剖后取背部皮肤组织,固定于4%多聚甲醛溶液中,48h后取出流水冲洗,梯度乙醇脱水,二甲苯透明,浸蜡包埋,切片,HE染色,中性树胶封片,显微镜下观察小鼠皮肤组织有无病理形态学改变,进行组间比较和照相。

3. 统计学方法

采用统计软件SPSS ver. 25.0 software (SPSS Inc., USA)版统计,计量资料数值用均数±标准差(x±s)表示。

Results and Discussion

1.生物表征观察

通过观察脾气虚组动物生物表征(Zhou et al ., 2001),判断造模成功。脾气虚证型的生物表征如Table 2.所示。

Observation of spleen Qi deficiency type biological characterization

脾气虚模型组小鼠开始出现明显精神倦怠。嗜卧,懒动,弓背,扎堆,咪眼。有泄泻的现象,肛门周围污秽。体重下降,体温降低。具体生物表征观察对比结果见Table 3。对照组小鼠毛色光泽饱满,模型小鼠毛色枯槁稀疏。经统计软件分析,与对照组相比,模型组体重具有极显著性差异(p <0.01)。造模时间七天。

Observation results of spleen Qi deficiency type biological characterization

2. 脾和胸腺指数

脾气虚模型组小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数均高于对照组,且呈显著性差异,表明造模成功。脾指数、胸腺指数结果见Table 4。与对照组相比,p <0.05,*表示差异显著;p <0.01,**表示差异极显著。

Comparison of spleen and thymus indexes

3. 皮肤测试指标

按照脾气虚造模方式喂养第七天,进行皮肤生物指标测试。皮肤指标的测定于每只小鼠背部同一部位,水含、光泽、颜色、红黑色素测定5次,取平均值;水散、油脂测一次。统计发现,模型组水分含量极显著降低,光泽度显著降低,油脂含量极显著升高。多糖给药组皮肤指标相比于模型组,皮肤水分含量明显升高,光泽度明显升高,油脂含量极显著降低。测试结果见Table 5。与模型组相比,p <0.05,*表示差异显著;p <0.01,**表示差异极显著。

Comparison of skin indicators

4. 皮肤组织切片结果

皮肤切片光镜下随机选取5个视野。其观察要点有以下几点:①角质层,是否角化过度或角化不全;②毛囊发育情况;③皮脂腺油脂分泌情况;④真皮层单一核及多核细胞浸润;⑤毛细血管扩张。

皮肤切片图片见Figure 1-6所示。模型组小鼠皮肤组织相较于正常组存在角质细胞增生、毛囊发育不完全且油脂分泌较多、血管内皮细胞较少的情况,印证了脾气虚对皮肤组织结构存在不良影响。涂抹多糖凝胶的组别皮肤组织结构情况较模型组有所改善,但并不能完全达到正常组水平。给药组改善效果:雪莲组>混合组>银耳组>石斛组。

Figure 1.

Model group skin tissue section

Keratinocyte hyperplasia, hair follicle hypoplasia, more hair follicle oil, thicker dermis, eosinophil invasion, and less vascular endothelial cells.

Figure 2.

Normal group skin tissue section

No keratinocyte proliferation, normal hair follicle development, less hair follicle fat, no thickening of the dermis, no infiltration of eosinophils, and normal distribution of vascular endothelial cells.

Figure 3.

Skin tissue section of saussurea involucrate group

Keratinocyte hyperplasia basically recovered, hair follicles developed more normally, hair follicles had less oil, and the dermis layer was slightly thickened. No infiltration of eosinophils and normal vascular endothelial cell density were observed.

Figure 4.

Skin tissue section of Tremella group

The skin keratinocytes are proliferated, the hair follicles are normal, the hair follicles have less oil, and the dermis is thicker. A small amount of eosinophils and multinucleated cells infiltrate, and the density of vascular endothelial cells is close to normal.

Figure 5.

Skin tissue section from Dendrobium group

Keratinocyte proliferation is heavier, the hair follicles are less developed, the hair follicles have more oil, the dermis is thicker, the borders are unclear, infiltration of eosinophils and multinucleated cells, and high density of vascular endothelial cells are seen.

Figure 6.

Mixed group skin tissue sections

Keratinocyte hyperplasia is lighter, hair follicles are slightly more vigorously developed, hair follicles have less oil, and the dermis layer is close to normal. A small amount of multinucleated cells infiltrate and the density of vascular endothelial cells is slightly lower.

Conclusion

1. 模型评价

脾虚模型建立成功的标准主要是通过表征观察、体重、皮肤指标测定、脾和胸腺指标和对照组进行对比来判断。从表征观察上看,模型组的毛发明显变稀疏,且神情倦怠、便溏泄泻。体重上,模型组与对照组间的差异极显著(p <0.01)。皮肤指标的测定上,模型组与对照组在水分含量、光泽度、油脂上具有极显著差异(p <0.01)。脾脏和胸腺,模型组明显小于对照组;计算其脾指数和胸腺指数,在统计学上,具有极显著差异(p <0.01)。

2. 多糖凝胶改善脾气虚状态相关性

涂抹多糖凝胶组小鼠从毛发上看,仍比对照组稀疏,同时会出现便溏的现象。体重上,给药组小鼠的体重明显低于对照组具有极显著差异(p <0.01),与模型组无明显差异。在皮肤指标上,水含、光泽度明显高于模型组,但低于对照组,两两间差异极显著;油脂低于模型组,高于对照组,且具有极显著差异。脾指数和胸腺指数给药组都介于模型组与对照组之间,且具有极显著性差异(p <0.01)。由皮肤组织切片的结构观察情况,表明在皮肤角质细胞、毛囊发育及分泌油脂情况,多糖组相比于模型组都有一定的改善。

3. 四种多糖凝胶改善脾气虚状态的比较

涂抹多糖凝胶主要对小鼠的皮肤指标有显著的改善作用。混合多糖与雪莲糖脂对皮肤光泽度改善效果最为明显,其次是银耳,石斛多糖次之。模型组油脂远高于正常组。雪莲多糖明显改善因脾虚而导致的油脂分泌过多的现象。银耳多糖对油脂分泌的改善情况也十分显著,混合多糖次之,石斛多糖效果最弱,但也具有明显的改善作用。脾气虚模型皮肤水含的改善情况,雪莲组最优,其次是混合多糖组,最后是银耳、石斛多糖。

多糖凝胶对脾气虚模型的水含、光泽、油脂含量、皮肤组织结构形态有明显的改善效果。但对脾虚小鼠的体重改善不明显。故,外用多糖凝胶虽对皮肤部分测试指标有所改善,但对脾气虚的体质以及肉眼可见的表征改变不明显。

四个多糖凝胶对脾气虚皮肤指标改善情况,雪莲组>混合组>银耳组>石斛组。对皮肤指标改善的主要方面为皮肤的水含、油脂和光泽度。

Notes

Author's contribution

BC designed, performed experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript. JRL designed all experimental investigations, and developed the process. LNL performed histology experiments and collected data. LNL, JRL and LL performed mouse experiments. HM and JL oversaw the study. All figures are created by the author and the co-authors.

Author's contribution

Bill Che (Director), Department of Research and Development Daily Chemicals Cosmetology, Infinitus Co. Ltd., 17th floor, Infinity center, 12 Zhujiang west road, Zhujiang new town, Tianhe district, Guangzhou 510000, China; Linan Li (Engineer), Department of Research and Development Daily Chemicals Cosmetology, Infinitus Co. Ltd., 17th floor, Infinity center, 12 Zhujiang west road, Zhujiang new town, Tianhe district, Guangzhou 510000, China; Jiarui Li (Graduate student), Department of Cosmetology, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; Li Li (Professor), Department of Cosmetics, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; Hong Meng (Professor), Department of Cosmetics, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China; Jim Liu (Manager), Department of Research and Development Daily Chemicals Cosmetology, Infinitus Co. Ltd., 17th floor, Infinity center, 12 Zhujiang west road, Zhujiang new town, Tianhe district, Guangzhou 510000, China.

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Figure 1.

Model group skin tissue section

Keratinocyte hyperplasia, hair follicle hypoplasia, more hair follicle oil, thicker dermis, eosinophil invasion, and less vascular endothelial cells.

Figure 2.

Normal group skin tissue section

No keratinocyte proliferation, normal hair follicle development, less hair follicle fat, no thickening of the dermis, no infiltration of eosinophils, and normal distribution of vascular endothelial cells.

Figure 3.

Skin tissue section of saussurea involucrate group

Keratinocyte hyperplasia basically recovered, hair follicles developed more normally, hair follicles had less oil, and the dermis layer was slightly thickened. No infiltration of eosinophils and normal vascular endothelial cell density were observed.

Figure 4.

Skin tissue section of Tremella group

The skin keratinocytes are proliferated, the hair follicles are normal, the hair follicles have less oil, and the dermis is thicker. A small amount of eosinophils and multinucleated cells infiltrate, and the density of vascular endothelial cells is close to normal.

Figure 5.

Skin tissue section from Dendrobium group

Keratinocyte proliferation is heavier, the hair follicles are less developed, the hair follicles have more oil, the dermis is thicker, the borders are unclear, infiltration of eosinophils and multinucleated cells, and high density of vascular endothelial cells are seen.

Figure 6.

Mixed group skin tissue sections

Keratinocyte hyperplasia is lighter, hair follicles are slightly more vigorously developed, hair follicles have less oil, and the dermis layer is close to normal. A small amount of multinucleated cells infiltrate and the density of vascular endothelial cells is slightly lower.

Table 1.

Gel preparation formula

Phase Raw material Standard Chinese name Added amount (wt%)
A U20 Acrylate (C10-30) alkanol acrylate cross-linked polymer 0.80
Deionized water Deionized water To100
Butanediol Butanediol 2.00
Glycerin Glycerin 4.00
B EDTA-2Na EDTA disodium salt 0.05
Deionized water Deionized water 10.00
Polysaccharide Polysaccharide sample Add as above
C NaOH (10%) Sodium hydroxide 1.80
MTI Methyl isothiazolinone/iodopropynol butyl carbamate 0.15

Table 2.

Observation of spleen Qi deficiency type biological characterization

Observation item Observe content
Signs and symptoms Mental burnout, lying, lazy, arched back, grouped, eyes. In severe cases, there is a lack of spirit when shocked, struggling when grasping, and hesitation
Skin appearance Dry, shrunken, and dull
Coat color Coat is yellowish or even scarce. Ear tails are white
Poop Soft stools, loose stools, and diarrhea
Body weight Slow weight gain or weight loss
Tongue The tongue is pale
Body temperature Body temperature does not change or decreases slightly
Other Reduced appetite

Table 3.

Observation results of spleen Qi deficiency type biological characterization

Signs and symptoms Skin appearance Coat color Poop Body weight (g) Tongue Body temperature Appetite
Model group ++ ++ ++ ++ 16.35±0.83 ++ ++ ++
Contorl group - - - - 19.61±0.67 - - -
Saussurea involucrate group + + + + 15.85±0.74 + + +
Tremella group + + + + 17.20±0.83 + + +
Dendrobium group + + + + 16.72±0.70 + + +
Mixed group + + + + 16.56±0.60 + + +

Note: "+", indicates the phenomenon described in Table 3. The more "+", the more obvious the phenomenon. "-", indicates that the phenomenon described in Table 3 does not occur.

Table 4.

Comparison of spleen and thymus indexes

Model group Control group Saussurea involucrate group Tremella group Dendrobium group Mixed group
Spleen index (%) 0.0024±0.0006** 0.0048±0.0008 0.0032±0.0004* 0.0031±0.0008* 0.0033±0.0005* 0.0036±0.0004*
Thymus index (%) 0.0012±0.0006** 0.0026±0.0008 0.0021±0.0011* 0.0011±0.0004* 0.0016±0.0003* 0.0017±0.0005*
*

p <0.05.

Table 5.

Comparison of skin indicators

Model group Control group Saussurea involucrate group Tremella group Dendrobium group Mixed group
Moisture content 14.76±3.23 41.00±3.44** 32.16±7.93** 27.32±3.65** 26.10±6.07* 27.80±5.15*
Percutaneous water loss 14.64±4.90 14.05±3.47 14.46±2.23 23.06±5.60 21.23±6.05 20.36±4.01
Gloss 1.49±0.32 3.55±0.70** 2.69±0.56* 2.27±0.67* 2.23±0.33* 2.71±0.26*
MI 93.56±11.95 82.42±15.49 103.92±25.29 90.08±12.68 88.18±12.59 82.76±19.22
EI 280.24±32.83 251.50±18.84 313.32±43.89 355.50±44.71 324.94±35.86 325.70±24.76
L 55.08±0.95 58.65±1.79 56.79±1.66 55.91±1.42 56.76±1.09 56.28±0.71
a 5.93±1.46 7.03±0.66* 7.02±1.14* 7.81±0.77* 8.10±0.60* 7.73±0.62*
b -1.26±0.67 -1.17±0.46 -0.47±0.98 -0.96±0.53 -0.80±0.58 -0.67±0.40
ITA 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00
Grease 22.11±26.12 1.10±1.45** 5.60±13.95** 7.25±4.83** 16.44±20.49* 14.00±15.35*

MI, melanin; EI, red pigment. ITA, individual typology angle;

*

p <0.05;

**

p <0.01.